The Okavango Delta in the
Republic of Botswana is a large wetland which is surrounded by the Kalahari
Desert. Millions of years ago tectonic activity and faulting interrupted the
flow of the river causing it to backup and form what is now the Delta...
This has created a unique system of waterways that now supports a vast array
of animal and plant life that would have otherwise been a dry Kalahari
savanna.
It's headwaters start in Angola’s western
highlands, with offshoots joining to form the Cubango River. The water then
flows through Namibia (called the Kavango) and finally enters Botswana,
where it is then called the Okavango. Instead of flowing
into the sea, the annual flood of fresh water flows inland, spreading over
15 000km˛ of the Kalahari sand into a maze of lagoons and channels.
The Okavango Delta’s floods are fed from
the Angolan rains, which start in October and finish sometime in April. The
floods only cross the border between Botswana and Namibia in December and
will only reach the bottom end of the delta (Maun) sometime in July, taking
almost nine months from the source to the bottom. This slow meandering pace
of the flood is due to the lack of drop in elevation, which drops a little
more than 60 m over a distance of 450 km. The Delta’s water ends in the
Kalahari – via the Botetle River, with over 95% of the water
eventually evaporating.
The
best time for game viewing in the Okavango Delta is during the period
between May and October period, as the animal gather along the flooded areas
as the vegetation has dried out. The most impressive month is August, when
the champagne-coloured water is at its deepest. The best time for birding
and vegetation is during the rainy season when most of the young are born.
This is the time between November and April, as the migrant bird
populations are returning, and the vegetation is lush and green.
The Okavango Delta presents a unique
ecosystem with countless islands that emerge from its waterways. The
environment has large numbers of animal populations that are otherwise rare,
such as crocodile, red lechwe, sitatunga,
elephant, wild dogs, buffalo, wattled crane and the water
supports many kinds of fish and more common mammals and bird life.
Conservationists have taken a great interest in the preservation of the
Delta, as it is such an exceptional area.